Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Peter Winkler
University of Nevada, USA
Keynote: Siegert’s curse and redemption: Taming and domesticating divergent wave functions
Time : 09:00-09:40
Biography:
Peter Winkler has obtained his Dr. rer.nat. degree (PhD) in Nuclear Physics and later his Dr. rer. nat. habil. degree from the University Erlangen in Germany. In 1979, he joined the Physics Department of the University of Nevada at Reno for teaching and research. His research interests focused on atomic many-body theory. He obtained tenure in 1985 and became Emeritus Professor in 2013 after having directed 12 students in their dissertation research. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.
Abstract:
Metastable states of quantum systems can be evaluated as complex-valued eigen solutions of the time-independent Schrődinger equation if complex boundary conditions are applied. Such resonance boundary conditions have been formulated in the early days of quantum mechanics but, initially few calculations have been performed utilizing this concept because the corresponding wave functions diverge asymptotically. Subsequent advances in the computation of energies and widths of metastable states will be discussed when Siegert boundary conditions are applied to achieve the necessary analytic continuation onto the complex energy plane as well as schemes to sidestep the divergences altogether. Examples including potential resonances and multiply excited electronic states of atoms and ions illustrate the wide applicability of this approach.
Keynote Forum
Xueqiao Xu
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
Keynote: Modeling tokamak boundary plasma turbulence and its role in setting divertor heat flux widths
Time : 09:40-10:20
Biography:
Xueqiao Xu has his expertise in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion. He has completed his PhD in 1990 from the University of Texas at Austin. He is a Principal Physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Guest Professor of Peking University.
Abstract:
The success of fusion experiments in ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) will require demonstrated
reliability in the plasma facing components (PFCs) to sustain the required pulse lengths. Understanding the physics of the scrape-off layer (SOL) width outside the magnetic separatrix is a crucial problem that must be solved in order to design a successful fusion reactor, as pointed out by the 2015 US Fusion Energy Sciences community workshops on Plasma-Material Interaction (PMI) and transients. The dominant view is that the Goldston “heuristic drift” model determines the peak heat flux. This model relies on magnetic drifts for ions and anomalous transport for electrons, but the anomalous transport mechanisms are not well understood and may depend on which edge transport regime the tokamak is operated in. In this work, massively parallel BOUT++ simulations are used to investigate the nature of SOL transport in multiple international tokamaks, such as C-Mod, DIII-D and EAST. Nonlinear simulations find saturated modes localized at the outer mid-plane that are similar to the quasi-coherent modes; characteristics such as frequency, wavenumber, phase and fluctuation amplitudes are compared with probe and Phase Contrast Imaging measurements on the C-Mod enhanced D H-mode discharges. The heat flux transported to divert or displays a width that is within a factor of 2 of the profile measured by IR camera and probe measurements. The parallel electron heat fluxes onto the target from the BOUT++ simulations of C-Mod, DIII-D and EAST follow the experimental heat flux width scaling of the inverse dependence on the poloidal magnetic field with an outlier. This shows that blob-like turbulence is likely to play an important role in present devices, particularly for electrons. Further turbulence statistics analysis shows that the blobs are generated near the pedestal peak gradient region inside the magnetic separatrix and contribute to the transport of the particle and heat in the SOL region.
Keynote Forum
Xiaodong Li
National University of Defense Technology, China
Keynote: What does an atomic nucleus look like?
Time : 10:20-11:00
Biography:
Xiaodong Li is a PhD holder from Université de Montréal (1993, crystal structure of mesophase molecules); MS from Nankai University (1981, functional polymers), BS from Tianjin University (1977). He is a Senior Professor in NUDT (National University of Defense Technology) researching and teaching in the fields of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Material Chemistry, Ceramic Fibers And Composites, Material Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Crystal Chemistry, Structure Chemistry and Nuclear Chemistry and Structure.
Abstract:
The more and more knowledge about molecular structure builds the footstone of modern chemistry. That arouses curiosity about the structure of the inner core of atoms. However, the nucleus is too small and is embedded by very thick electron “cloud” in normal state. What does a nucleus look like? Is it possible to “guess” it in a way as molecules? A new nuclear model of “ring plus extra nucleon” is proposed. The proton (P) and neutron (N) bind alternatively to form a right-angle folding ring. Based on it, extra nucleon binds in a similar way. Hereby, the shapes of some light nuclides were figured out, which are mostly not spheres, but with a generally linear relationship between the size and mass. The most excitement of this model is that, in even Z rings, the gravity centers of P and N are superimposed, while in odd Z rings, they must be eccentric. The eccentricity leads a lower EB/A. The extra nucleon(s) shift the eccentricity and the binding energy. This is exactly consistent with the normal even/odd zigzag feature found in EB/A and other properties in various cases. The model is also supported
by many basic evidence, including the nuclear stability and isotope limitation (see the attached figure), the spin similarity of “mirror” nuclides, the neutron halo of extremely neutron-rich nuclides and so on. From the nuclear structure, one may also explain the decay modes of unstable nuclide and furthermore, find some structural correlation with decayed daughter isotope. Since a huge task of computation is necessary to build the structure of large nuclide, where many “isomers” will be possible, a technique such as “nuclear mechanics”, which considers the weak interaction between all non-binding nucleons, is needed. It will be interesting that the combination of this model with quantum theory to obtain some new and more quantitative results. A correct nuclear structure may be useful to establish a more reasonable potential function in quantum computation.
- Atomic Physics | Atomic Spectroscopy | Nanotechnology
Location: Paramount Room
Chair
Alexander V Chaplik
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russia
Co-Chair
Manuel Bautista
Western Michigan University, USA
Session Introduction
Alexander V Chaplik
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russia
Title: Effect of the electron-electron interaction on the Raman scattering in quantum rings
Time : 11:20-11:45
Biography:
Alexander V Chaplik is graduated from the Saratov State University, PhD in the Institute for Radioelectronics Siberian Branch, Ac. of Sci. of the USSR. Since 1964, he has been a Minor Research Worker, Senior Research Worker and Head of laboratory at the Institute of Semiconductor Physics.
Abstract:
We investigate influence of the Coulomb interaction in the initial, final and intermediate states on the inelastic resonant light scattering by electrons confined to a quantum ring. The external magnetic field is supposed to be normal to the ring plane. Two examples are considered: The ring contains one (case a) or two (case b) electrons in the initial and final states. In accord with the typical experimental situation the incident light frequency is close to the energy gap of semiconductor and, moreover we suppose the spectral width of the exciting light to be sufficiently small so that one can tune into resonance with one of the discrete levels of the system in the intermediate (virtual) state. The latter is trion in the case A and trion plus remote electron in the case B. The amplitudes of the peaks of the scattered light intensity periodically depend on the magnetic flux piercing the ring with the period equal to the flux quantum. Accounting for the interparticle interaction in the intermediate state of the Raman process results in qualitative changes in the scattering cross-section when compared with the often used approximation that ignores that interaction. For example, the crosssections ratio for parallel and perpendicular polarizations of the incident and scattered light changes drastically depending on the spin of intermediate state. The latter can be purposely chosen by tuning the incident frequency because the Coulomb interaction splits in energy the states with different total spin. We analyzed all possible situations with different initial, intermediate and final total spin and found universal relations for intensities of scattered lines of different polarizations.
Manuel Bautista
Western Michigan University, USA
Title: An atomistic view of the universe
Time : 11:45-12:10
Biography:
Manuel Bautista is Associate Professor Astrophysics in the Department of Physics at Western Michigan University. He does theoretical research in atomic processes and atomic data for modeling of spectra from astronomical sources. His research is applicable to the study of many astronomical objects, such as stellar atmospheres and interiors, planetary atmospheres, supernovae and active galactic nuclei. He also models astronomical photoionized plasmas. He employs various computational tools, including massively parallel computers, to calculate properties of atoms and ions and to model the interactions between ions, light and particles in astronomical plasmas.
Abstract:
Astronomy, arguably the oldest of all physical sciences, has been the source of much our current understanding of the fundamentals processes that shape the physical world. Thus, it was through astronomical observations that atoms were recognized and their nature was understood. Since then, astronomy and atomic physics have progressed jointly and interdependently. In this talk, I review such progress in astronomy and atomic physics up to the present. I show that atomic physics for astrophysics is today as vibrant and important as ever. Then, I describe some of the work we carry out at Western Michigan University. Finally, I discuss some pressing
questions for the future, whose answers will require major theoretical and experimental advances.
Xiaodong Li
National University of Defense Technology, China
Title: To understand atomic nucleus from a new nuclear structure model
Time : 12:10-12:35
Biography:
Xiaodong Li is a PhD holder from Universite de Montreal and MS from Nankai University. He is teaching in NUDT as a Professor with the research fields of Polymer Chemistry, Material Chemistry and Physics. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
To explain some very basic facts of atomic nucleus, such as the stability of isotopes, the even-odd variation in many properties and so on, a nuclear structure model of ring plus extra nucleon is proposed. For nuclei larger than 4He inclusive, protons (P’s) and neutrons (N’s) are basically bound alternatively to form 2ZZ E ring. The ring folds with a bond angle of 90Ëš for every 3 continuous nucleons to make the nucleons packed densely. The ring must be identical when all the P and N interchange (negative symmetry). Extra N(’s) can bind to ring-P with the same manner. When 2 or more ring-P’s are geometrically available, the nuclide with extra N tends to be stable. Extra P can bind with ring-N in a similar way when the ratio of N/P <1 although the binding is much weaker. Even-Z rings always have superimposed gravity centers of P and N; while for odd-Z rings, both centers of P and N must be eccentric. The eccentricity results in a depression of EB and therefore specific zigzag features of EB/A. This can be well explained by the shift of eccentricity by extra nucleons. Symmetrical center may present in even-Z rings and normal even-even nuclei. While for odd-Z ring, only antisymmetric center is possible. Based on this model, a pair of mirror nuclei, PX+nNX and PXNX+n, should be equivalent in packing structure just like black-white photo and the negative film. Therefore, an identical spin and parity was confirmed for hundreds of pairs. In addition, the EB/A difference of all the mirror nuclei pair is very nearly a constant of 0.184n MeV. Many other facts can also be easily understood from this model, such as the nuclear stabilities of isotopes in elements from He to Ne; the stability sequence of 9Be, 10Be, 7Be and 8Be; the neutron halo in neutron-rich nuclides, the general rule for most stable isotopes: Odd-Z elements are odd A, even-Z elements are even A; and the highest cohesive energy of Li, Be, B atoms in their own elementary group and so on.
Feng Xie
Tsinghua University, China
Title: Recent research progress about the source term study on irradiated graphite spheres of HTR-10
Time : 12:35-13:00
Biography:
Feng Xie is working in Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His research interests include source term analysis, the behavior of fission products and radioactive graphite dust, atomic molecular physics, and laser spectroscopy. Now, he is In Charge of the design and implementation of the radioactive graphite dust measurement system of the HTR-10, and process and effluents radiation monitoring system of the HTR-PM in China. He has received his Bachelor’s degree and PhD in 2003 and 2008 from the Department of Physics in Tsinghua University, respectively. In 2011, he assumed his current position in INET of Tsinghua University.
Abstract:
The very high temperature gas cooled reactor system (VHTR), as a development of high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), has been identified as a candidate of the generation IV systems for the production of process heat, electricity and hydrogen. For the pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor, the performance of the fuel spheres in the core plays a crucial role with regard to nuclear safety. The nuclides produced in the core are the original source of radioactive substances into primary coolant and auxiliary
systems in a nuclear power plant. Thus, the determination of the source term in the reactor core can supply important information to understand the behavior of fission and activation products and provide reliable foundation to evaluate the radiation level of the nuclear facility. With previous developed experimental methods which include the preparation and measurement process for the graphite sample, four irradiated graphite spheres from the reactor core of the 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-10) have been investigated experimentally. The total β counting rate, the β spectra and the γ spectra for each graphite sample of irradiated graphite spheres were recorded with a total α/β counting measuring apparatus, a liquid scintillation counter and a highpurity germanium detector connected to a multichannel analyzer, respectively. The types of key nuclides in the irradiated graphite sphere of HTR-10 were determined, which were H-3, C-14, Co-60, Cs-137, Eu-152 and Eu-154. The distributions for each nuclide in four irradiated graphite spheres were compared. The generation mechanisms of H-3, C-14, Co-60, Cs-137, Eu-152 and Eu-154 in the irradiated graphite sphere of HTR-10 were discussed and analyzed. A sensitivity analysis was performed to explain the effect of the content of impurities and fraction of natural uranium contamination on the specific activity of key nuclides in the graphite spheres. Current study on irradiated graphite spheres of HTR-10 can provide valuable information for the source term analysis, waste minimization and radiation protection of high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs).
Zengyong Chu
National University of Defense Technology, China
Title: Mechanical self-assembly of highly-folded graphene oxides for ultralarge deforming actuators
Time : 14:10-14:35
Biography:
Zengyong Chu has his expertise in Molecular Physics and Chemistry. He has completed his PhD from National University of Defense Technology. He is Full Professor and Director of a research team focusing on Molecular Physics and Chemistry at National University of Defense Technology.
Abstract:
The fabrication of micro-/nano-patterns is of great significance to material science and technology, with numerous potential applications in microfluidics and microimprinting, wetting and adhesion, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), flexible electronics, mechanical property measurements, and cell culture biointerfaces. Gyrification in the human brain is driven by the compressive stress induced by the tangential expansion of the cortical layer, while similar topographies can also be induced by the tangential shrinkage of the spherical substrate. Herein we introduce a simple three-dimensional (3D) shrinking method to generate the cortex-like patterns using two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) as the building blocks. By rotation-dip-coating a GO film on an air-charged latex balloon and then releasing the air slowly, a highly-folded hydrophobic GO surface can be induced. Wrinklingto-folding transition was observed and the folding state can be easily regulated by varying the pre-strain of the substrate and the thickness of the GO film. Driven by the residue stresses stored in the system, sheet-to-tube actuating occurs rapidly once the bilayer system is cut into slices. In response to some organic solvents, however, the square bilayer actuator exhibits excellent reversible, bidirectional, large-deformational curling properties on wetting and drying. An ultralarge curvature of 2.75 mm-1 was observed within 18 s from the original negative bending to the final positive bending in response to tetrahydrofuran (THF). In addition to a mechanical hand, a swimming worm, a smart package, a bionic mimosa and two bionic flowers, a crude oil collector has been designed and demonstrated, aided by the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic modified GO surface and the solvent-responsive bilayer system. So the method demonstrated here is not only able to fabricate highly folded cortex-like patterns with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties, but also to fabricate interesting reversible bilayer actuators with ultralarge deformations for versatile applications.
Igor M Savukov
Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Title: Calculations with parametric CI-MBPT method of properties of complex atoms
Time : 14:35-15:00
Biography:
Igor M Savukov has completed his PhD in 2002 at the University of Notre Dame, IN USA, and in 2006 his postdoctoral studies at Princeton University. Currently, he is an R&D Scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. He has published 80 papers in reputed journals, h index 22, and has been working over 20 years in the field of atomic structure calculations especially in the field of relativistic many-body theory.
Abstract:
Many complex atoms, such as actinides, present difficulties for theory. The difficulties are manifold: 1) valence electrons interact strongly, requiring generation and eigen solution of a large matrix to treat the interaction accurately; 2) many valence electrons interact strongly with 86 core electrons, and these interactions have to be taken into account beyond the small-perturbation level; 3) relativistic effects are very important, affecting the order of closely spaced levels and many atomic properties. Currently there are no calculations demonstrating accurate energy levels and other properties of the neutral U atom or other actinides. The only method that has been used throughout the world so far is a multi-configuration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) approach, developed by Cowan at LANL more than 30 years ago, and which contains various fitting parameters. Configuration-interaction many-body perturbation theory (CI-MBPT) is a promising method, since it demonstrated high accuracy in light multi-valence atoms. However, valence-core interactions in actinides are very strong to be treated in the second-order MBPT, used in the CI-MBPT method. One solution is the CI-All-order method, but it is quite time consuming and rather complex. An alternative solution is to introduce fitting parameters into CI-MBPT to account for valence -core, relativistic and omitted valence-valence interactions. Using this parametric CI -MBPT approach it is possible to match energy levels with the precision of about 100 inverse cm for atoms such as Th and U III. This resulted in simplification of matching theoretical and experimental levels, and quite accurate g-factors. Some preliminary calculations have also showed that the theory can predict oscillator strengths. Examples of Xe I, Y I, U I, Th I and other atom calculations will be given to demonstrate improved accuracy of the CI-MBPT approach. This is just first attempts showing great promise of the parametric CI-MBPT approach to actinide atoms.
Oudjertli Salah
Université of Badji Mokhtar, Algeria
Title: Structural, microstructural and thermal characterization of Fe- doped ZnO powder nanostructures prepared by mechanical alloying
Time : 15:00-15:25
Biography:
Oudjertli Salah is a Researcher in Department of Physics, University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria. He has more than four articles and 15 international congress communications his research focuses on the structural, and microstructural, properties of ZnO prepared by mechanical alloying. He mainly worked in nanomaterials, modulization, materials science, amorphous alloys and magnetic properties. His current research includes simulation and characterisation of nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and nanotubes prepared by several methods; CVD, spray pyrolysis, mechanical alloying and ion implantation.
Abstract:
ZnO powder nanoparticles mechanically alloyed were doped with iron to investigate their structural and microstructural properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for examined 1% Fe doped ZnO. The ZnO starting pure powder exhibited a hexagonal crystal structure with space group p63mc of ZnO, however with the introduction of 1% Fe in the ZnO milled powder, the hexagonal ZnO phase remained unchanged, whereas the microstructural parameters were subject
to significant variations due to the introduction of Fe atoms into the ZnO hexagonal matrix to replace oxygen ones. The size of crystallites and microstrains are found milling time dependent.
Arn Olds Ikkema
FAS Institute, Finland
Title: Atomic spectroscopy of Si bolidium narcosum at negative temperature
Time : 15:25-15:50
Biography:
Arn Olds Ikkema has his expertise in atomic spectroscopy at extreme temperatures. He completed his PhD from Swedish Institute of Neural Neutronics. He is Professor and Director of a research team focusing on Atomic Spectroscopy at Finland’s renowned FAS Institute.
Abstract:
As expected when temperatures approach zero, the atomic spectrum of hot gases become isomorphic to renormalizable grouptheoretic
pattern formation. However, with an inverted population induced by laser adsorption of monomolecular surface waves, emissions exceed absorptions until equilibrium values are adiabatic. Presenting on behalf of a local international consortium of independent researchers whose interests cannot be divulged due to Trumpian economic and chemotherapeutic controls, I will show how neural neutrons can ameliorate the set of equations which retrodict ecliptic holography of the recently characterized medial isotope of Si bolidium narcosum, promising to overturn diagnostic therapies of Eastern Africa.
- Poster Presentations
Location: Pre-Function Space
Chair
Alexander V Chaplik
Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russia
Session Introduction
Nobuo Nishimiya
Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan
Title: Zeeman spectra of Ti I in a facing target sputtering system
Biography:
Nobuo Nishimiya is working on spectroscopic research on molecules and atoms. He has completed his PhD from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is Professor at Tokyo Polytechnic University.
Abstract:
Absorption spectroscopy is useful for plasma diagnostics. Several functional films were fabricated using a facing target sputtering (FTS) system. During the sputtering process using the FTS system, high-energy ionized particles are confined by a magnetic field. However, the absorption lines of a species are split into the Zeeman components. The Lande gJ factor is very important for determination of the nature of atoms in a magnetic field. The saturated absorption lines of neutral Ti were measured in the region of 9950–14380 cm-1 by using a Ti: sapphire ring laser. The FTS system was used to obtain the gaseous state of a neutral Ti atom in this experiment. The Zeeman splitting of 38 transitions of 46, 47, 48, 49, 50Ti species was observed. For 48Ti species, the difference between the gJ factors of the odd and even parity states was obtained from the Zeeman splitting under the condition that the electric field component of a linearly polarized laser beam was parallel to the magnetic field. The gJ factors of the odd parity states were determined for 28 energy levels belonging to 3d24s4p and 3d34p by using those of the even parity states reported by E Stachowska in 1997. The gJ factors of z5P1, 2, 3 levels were determined for the first time. gJ of y3F2, y3D2, z3P2, and z5S2 levels in the region of 25000–25600 cm-1 were refined. In addition, for the odd mass isotopes of 47, 49Ti of b3FJ -y3DJ-1, the intermediate field approximated by calculation of the Zeeman effects in the hyperfine structure was used.
Shinji Kobayashi
Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan
Title: Isotope shift of Ti spectrum in a facing target sputtering system
Biography:
Shinji Kobayashi is doctoral student in Japan. He is majoring in the department of electronics and information Technology. He is researching about atomic or molecular spectroscopy.
Abstract:
Laser spectroscopy is one of the useful methods of plasma diagnostics. In order to measure the plasma density and temperature, parameters of the line profile of the spectrum need to be determined. In this study, we measured the absorption spectrum of Ti atom in a facing target sputtering (FTS) system by using a Ti: sapphire laser. It is difficult to determine the parameters of the line profile of the Ti spectrum, because Ti has five stable isotopes and hence the spectra are complicated. The saturated absorption spectrum in 3d24s2→3d24s4p, 3d34s→3d24s4p, and 3d34s→3d34p electronic transitions of neutral titanium in the FTS system were measured in the range from 695 to 1005 nm. The even mass isotope shifts of 46Ti and 50Ti for 48Ti have been measured. The accuracy of absolute frequency of the Ti spectra was 0.001 cm-1. The King plot analysis was performed for those transitions. The specific mass shift of Ti I is much larger than the field shift. The several energy levels belonging to 3d34p interact with those of 3d24s4p. The specific mass shift of 3d34p depends on the contribution from 3d24s4p. The relationship between the interaction and the specific mass shift is linear. The specific mass shift of the levels belonging to 3d24s4p and 3d34p can be semi-empirically determined.
- Nuclear Physics | Nuclear Fission and Fusion | Nuclear Medicine Physics
Location: Paramount Room
Chair
Masayoshi Tanaka
Kobe Tokiwa University, Japan
Co-Chair
R A Radhi
University of Baghdad, Iraq
Session Introduction
Masayoshi Tanaka
Kobe Tokiwa University, Japan
Title: Progress in creation of hyperpolarized nuclei for highly sensitive MRI
Time : 11:20-11:45
Biography:
Masayoshi Tanaka is a Professor of Clinical Technology and Physics and Collaborative Physicist at RCNP, Osaka University. He got the Prefectural Award of Hyogo for research and education in 2013. He organized the int. workshop, HELION97 on polarized 3He beams and gas targets and their application in 1997. He was a Guest Researcher at University of Michigan in 2001, Centre d'études nucléaires de Grenoble in 1990, and at Max Planck Institut für Kern Physik, Heidelberg in 1982.
Abstract:
Though the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is widely used as a tool for medical diagnoses, its usefulness is rather restricted because of less pronounced NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) signals due to the smallness of nuclear polarization created at room and body temperature. As a result, it becomes difficult to obtain the images for low-density organs like a lung in a short measuring time. To break this restriction, we started developing a hyperpolarized MRI, where nuclear polarization is generated artificially by sophisticated technologies in nuclear physics or atomic physics, with which we hope the NMR signals would be orders of magnitudes enhanced relative to the NMR systems used so far, thus enabling us to obtain images with high resolution. Currently, we are constructing a device for hyperpolarized 3He gas by means of the Brute Force method with a strong high magnetic field (~17T) and an extremely low temperature (<100mK) and a device for hyperpolarized 19F in PFC (PerFluoro Carbon) often used as an artificial blood by means of the PHIP (ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization) method. No doubt, the PHIP will be successful, the lung image with the very expensive hyperpolarized 3He may be replaced with the cheap PFC. Further, it will be shortly touched that the hyperpolarized 17O MRI may be a potential tool instead of the risky radioactive 15O PET (Positron Emission Tomography) widely used for diagnosis of the brain diseases such as apoplectic stroke. Finally, let me ask for your attention on possibility to detect cancer cells with the hyperpolarized 13C MRI by measuring the rapid change of the chemical shifts due to the metabolic reactions in the cancer cells.
R A Radhi
University of Baghdad, Iraq
Title: Calculation of quadrupole transition rates in cross sd-pf shell isotopes (Si, S and Ar)
Time : 11:45-12:10
Biography:
R A Radhi is a retired Professor of Physics, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, and Baghdad Iraq. He did his PhD from Michigan State University 1983, MSc from University of Baghdad 1974, BSc from University of Basrah 1972 field of interests: nuclear structure, electron scattering, electromagnetic transitions and moments, exotic and halo nuclei, computational physics, hydrodynamics supervision: 18 MSc and 24 PhD students.
Abstract:
Quadrupole transition rates and effective charges are calculated for even-even Si, S and Ar isotopes with N>20. Shell model calculations are performed with sd-shell model space for protons and sdpf shell-model space for neutrons. Excitation out of major shell space are taken into account through a microscopic theory which allows particle-hole excitation from the core and model space orbits to all higher orbits with excitation. Effective charges are obtained for each isotope with N<20 and average effective charges are extracted and used for each nucleus. The results show a systematic increase in the B (E2) values. Shell model calculation predicts the erosion of the N=28 magicity in the neutron rich 42Si. No clear indications about the erosion of the shell gap closure in 44S and 46Ar isotopes.
G M Laurent
Auburn University, USA
Title: Optical control of electron emission at the attosecond timescale
Time : 12:10-12:35
Biography:
G M Laurent is an expert in Atomic and Molecular Physics. He received his PhD in 2004 from the University of Caen (France). He was a Post-doctoral fellow at the University of Madrid in Spain. In 2009, he joined the Physics Department at Kansas State University as a Research Associate, where he started his research in the field of attosecond science. In 2013, he moved to MIT as a Research Scientist to pursue his research in attosecond science and femtosecond laser development. Finally, in fall 2015 he joined the Physics Department at Auburn University as an Associate Professor.
Abstract:
Coherent control of electron dynamics in matter is a growing research field in ultrafast science, which has been mainly driven over the last two decades by major advances in laser technology. Recently, the advent of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light pulses in the attosecond time scale (1as=10-18s) has opened up new avenues for experimentalists to manipulate the electronic dynamics with unprecedented precision. In this work, we demonstrate that an asymmetric electron emission from atomic targets can be generated and controlled by combining an attosecond pulse train (APT) composed of both odd and even harmonics and a weak IR field (1011W/cm2). Electron wave-packets are formed by ionizing argon gas with such APT in the presence of the IR field. Consequently, a mix of energydegenerate even (s,d) and odd (p,f) parity states is fed into the continuum by one- and two-photon transitions. These interfere, leading to an asymmetric electron emission along the polarization vector. At some appropriate time delay between the APT and IR fields, the even and odd angular continuum wave function resulting from one and two-photon transitions, respectively, add constructively on one side (up) of the polarization vector direction and destructively on the other side (down), thus creating a strong up-down asymmetry in the angular emission of the photoelectrons. The direction of the emission can be controlled by varying the time delay between the two pulses. In addition, we show that such asymmetric emission is also related to the properties of the APT. The temporal analysis of the modulated electron emission, based on an accurate description of the atomic physics of the photoionization process, then provides a way to measure the temporal profile of the attosecond pulse. We propose a retrieval procedure which allows for the unique determination of the spectral phase making up the pulses. The procedure had been demonstrated for the characterization of an attosecond pulse train composed of odd and even harmonics. We observe a large phase shift between consecutive harmonics. Our results contradicts the generally accepted physical picture that the combination of even and odd harmonics in the train necessarily creates a series of pulses which occur only once per IR cycle. This picture holds only if there is no phase shift between even and odd harmonics. Otherwise, the resulting APT has a more complex structure not resembling a single AP once per IR period.
Akihide Hidaka
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Title: Radionuclides release behaviors unique to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants accident
Time : 13:35-14:00
Biography:
Akihide Hidaka has his expertise in severe accident phenomena and nuclear human resource development. He has completed his PhD from the Tohoku University, Japan. He is Senior Principal Researcher of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. He carried out a study about radionuclide release from fuel, transport and deposition of radionuclide aerosol in the reactor coolant system or the containment, atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides at the time of nuclear power plant accidents. At present, he is performing the source term study for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident while engaging in the atomic energy personnel training for Japanese and Asian countries’engineers.
Abstract:
A lot of analyses on the source terms for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants accident have been tried mainly using the two methods. One is the reverse estimation using the atmospheric dispersion code combined with the environmental monitoring data. The other is the analysis of thermo-hydraulics and radionuclides release/transport using the severe accident codes such as MELCOR. Although some significant differences were found in the results between them, there are few studies with these points of view so far. Therefore, the present study focused on this point and the following findings were obtained. 1) The 131I release could have occurred from a large amount of contaminated water in the basements of Units 2 and 3 reactor buildings because of the gas-liquid partition of 131I and steam generation from the accumulated water by decay heat. 2) The chemical form of certain fraction of released cesium could have been CsBO2, which was formed by reaction of CsOH with the boron originated from the B4C control rods. The chemical form could affect not only the cesium source term but also the environmental transport behavior. 3) The 129mTe release estimated by the reverse calculation showed that the release amount from Unit 2 may have been smaller than those from Unit 3. This can be explained by the recent TEPCO’s observation that the containment failure occurred at middle height of drywell at Unit 3 but at the bottom of suppression pool at Unit 2 where the radionuclide removal by the pool scrubbing is expected. The similar release behaviors could be also inferred for 131I and 137Cs. These findings have never been considered or predicted in most of the existing severe accident codes that have been developed based on the findings of the TMI-2 accident in which most of radionuclides remained in the intact containment.
Alain Ghizzo
University of Lorraine, France
Title: Kinetic waves induced by electron trapping in stimulated Raman scattering in laser-plasma interaction
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Alain Ghizzo has received his PhD degree in Plasma Physics in 1987. He is currently, working as a Professor at the University of Lorraine at the Institute Jean Lamour (UMR 7198). He has been performing research in the field of computer experiments in plasma physics. His recent research includes laser-plasma interaction and gyrokinetic models for plasma core physics in tokamaks and astrophysics.
Abstract:
The influence of low-frequency waves of kinetic nature induced by electron trapping in backward stimulated Raman scattering is investigated. The kinetic theory of periodic electron hole equilibrium or phase space vortices is a long-standing problem in plasma physics. Since the pioneering work of Bernstein, Greene and Kruskal in 1957 it is now well-known that such phase space holes are self-sustained and connected to electrostatic fields that are self-consistent with some manner of trapped particle velocity distribution function. Trident laser-plasma interaction experiments, that revealed that such electron trapping structures might conceivably be physically relevant, have led to renewed interest in the research of such trapping structures. These experiments were aimed at improving our knowledge of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) from electron plasma waves (EPWs) from a single speckle of laser light and employed laser scattering as a key diagnosis (in particular in optical mixing experiment). An extremely surprising result was the presence of a second very weak scattering signal which was only a modest fraction (0.37) of the plasma frequency in addition to the expected EPW scattering signal. This unexpected signal was associated with what was termed Stimulated Electron Acoustic Scattering (SEAS), a novel scattering involving a so-called electron acoustic wave (EAW), whose nature is nonlinear and kinetic. In such experiments, Raman scattering enters in the so-called kinetic regime of the instability. To explore the physics of such generation and to make contact with a possible laboratory experiment, a semi-Lagrangian kinetic Vlasov-Maxwell code is used which allows very fine details of the particle-wave resonance. We address here the results of numerical experiments leading to the generation of self-sustained low frequency kinetic electrostatic electron nonlinear (KEEN) waves starting initial collision less Maxwellian plasma in an appropriate computer model for the one-dimensional system. Then we investigate the interaction of such created KEEN waves with the laser wave showing the possibility of interaction of such quasi-particles with electromagnetic wave.
Gregory Lapicki
East Carolina University, USA
Title: Applications of the proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) technique for elemental analysis of materials
Time : 14:25-14:50
Biography:
Gregory Lapicki has completed his PhD from New York University and continued with Postdoctoral studies for two years in the Radiation and Solid Laboratory at NYU. He has worked at Centro Atómico, Bariloche, Argentina on the Fulbright Award. In 2013-2017, he has served on the International Advisory Committee for Particle Induced X-ray (PIXE) Conferences and presented opening invited talks at five of these conferences. In 2017, he was elected to the International Honorary Committee for PIXE. He has presented invited talks at the International Symposium on ion-atom collisions and the conference on applications of accelerators in research and industry, for which in 2017 he served as an atomic and molecular physics topic Editor. He has published almost 200 refereed papers in journals such Physical Review A, Nuclear and Instruments and Methods in Research B, Journal of Physics B, Journal of Physics and Chemistry Data, X-Ray Spectrometry, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, with a link to one of the most recent publications in atomic and nuclear data tables.
Abstract:
Background: The relevance of x-ray production cross sections (XRPCS) and the related ionization cross sections (ISC) in many research areas has been described at length and analyzed in detail. X-ray emission cross sections by ion impact are a relevant input in many areas such as particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) strongly requires trustworthy databases for XRPCS and/or reliable predictions of inner-shell ionization theories as periodically evaluated in Monte Carlo Geant4 simulations.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present 1) a review of the PIXE technique and its applications, and 2) universal experimental and theoretical fits to exiting databases for K and L-shell XRPCS.
Goals: The goal is to check if the theory is accurate across the periodic table of elements and a large range of projectile energies, equally comprehensive databases are essential and a universal fit for them is desired. Those fits should be in terms of a variable by which XRPCS are scaled with a minimum of adjustable parameters. L-shell XRPCS for proton energies 26 eV ≤ E1≤1 GeV and all elements with 24 ≤ Z ≤ 95 as compiled by Miranda and Lapicki 2014 are in excellent agreement with the universal fit to these data. Only 0.7% of data/fit ratios differ from 1.0 by more than a factor of 4; merely 3.4% differ by more than a factor of 2.
Conclusions: The versatility of the PIXE technique and its application will be demonstrated. It will be shown how universalexperimental and theoretical fits to XRPCS serve to set reliable prediction across projectile energies and a wide range of target elements.
V P Maslov
National Research University, Russia
Title: Transition from mesoscopy of low levels of the liquid-drop model of nucleus to macroscopy of critical mass of uranium and plutonium with regard to partition theory
Time : 14:50-15:15
Biography:
V P Maslov is a Professor of National Research University Higher School of Economics (School of Applied Mathematics). In 1984, he was elected to full membership of the Mathematical section of Russian Academy of Sciences directly, without passing through the corresponding member stage. He has published over 600 papers and over 20 monographs. He introduced a series of important notions of which Maslov-type index theory, Maslov classes, Maslov form, Maslov correction, Maslov WKB method, Maslov cycle, Maslov dequantization are best known.
Abstract:
The author changed and supplemented the standard scheme of partitions of integers in number theory to make it completely concur with the Bohr–Kalckar correspondence principle. We revise the partition theory of integers in accordance with the Bohr–Kalkar correspondence principle (1938) relating the physical notion of nucleus to number theory. This principle has given rise to a series of papers. We use results due to Auluck–Kothari (1946), Agarwala–Auluck (1951), and Srivatsan–Murthy–Bhaduri (2006). We understand entropy as the natural logarithm of the number p (M) of partitions of with repeated summands and q(M) of partitions without repeated summands. The transition of ln p (M) to ln q (M) through mesoscopic values of is studied. In order to make the analogy between the the atomic nucleus and the theory of partitions of natural numbers more complete, to the notion of defect of mass author assigns the “defect” of any real number (i.e., the fractional value that must be added to a in order to obtain the next integer). This allows to carry over the Einstein relation between mass and energy to a relation between the natural numbers M and N, where N is the number of summands in the partition of the given number M into natural summands, as well as to define a forbidding factor for the number M, and apply this to the Bohr–Kalckar model of heavy atomic nuclei and to the calculation of the maximal number of nucleons in the nucleus.
S P Avdeyev
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
Title: Source velocity at relativistic beams of 4He
Time : 15:15-15:40
Biography:
S P Avdeyev has his expertise in Nuclear Physics. He has completed his PhD from Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Doctor of Science (Phys. and Math.) in 2007. He is a Research Team Leader focusing on nuclear multifragmentation at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
Abstract:
The main decay mode of very excited nuclei (E*≥4 MeV/nucleon) is copious emission of intermediate mass fragments (IMF), which are heavier than α-particles but lighter than fission fragments. An effective way to produce hot nuclei is reactions induced by heavy ions with energies up to hundreds of MeV per nucleon. But in this case the heating of the nuclei may be accompanied by compression, rotation, and shape distortion, which can essentially influence the decay properties of hot nuclei. The picture becomes clearer when light relativistic projectiles are used. In this case, fragments are emitted by only one source - the slowly moving target spectator. Its excitation energy is almost entirely thermal. Light relativistic projectiles provide therefore a unique possibility for investigating thermal multifragmentation. The decay properties of hot nuclei are well described by statistical models of multifragmentation and this can be considered as an indication that the system is in thermal equilibrium or at least close to that. In the present work the source characteristics of multifragmentation are investigated for the 4He+Au collisions at 4 and 14.6 GeV using the 4π FASA detector on Dubna superconducting accelerator Nuclotron. Evidence that at least kinetic equilibrium of the system is achieved before fragmentation take place is found in the results of rapidity analyses. Decrease in energy of the incident particles from 14.6 GeV to 4 GeV leads to increases momentum transfer and source velocities. Data in 4He (14.6 GeV)+Au reaction are consistent with the INC+SMM calculations and can be described by one source with fixed velocity. There is broad range source velocities distribution in case of 4He (4 GeV)+Au where the speed of the source increases with IMF energy that is not predicted by INC+SMM.
Ushasi Datta
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India
Title: How atomic nucleus behaves around its limit of existence and its impact on explosive burning in the cosmos
Time : 15:40-16:05
Biography:
Ushasi Datta has expertise in experimental Nuclear Physics. She has completed her PhD from University of Kolkata and is working as a Professor at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India. She leads many national and international projects. Her interest is to understand quantum many body systems via strong and weak interaction. Her research topics are disappearance of magic shell gap in the neutron-rich nuclei, modification of shell structure near drip-line, ground state configuration of neutron-rich nuclei, exotic shapes, exotic decay near proton-drip line, resonance states, cluster structure, quantum phase transition, fusion process near drip line, capture cross-section relevant to explosive burning scenario, neutron-skin, neutron star, active and sterile neutrino etc. She worked at GSI, Darmstadt for five years as a Visiting Scientist and Alexander Von Humboldt fellow. She has published more than hundred in peer review international journals with citations of 2000.
Abstract:
Even after 100 years of discovery of the atomic nucleus by Rutherford, the limits of the existence of the nuclei are still uncertain. This is due to lack of proper understanding of the nature of interactions that bind atomic nuclei. The atomic nucleus is a complex quantum many-body system but it's simple behavior can be explained by a mean nuclear field, containing many ingredients of the nucleon-nucleon interactions. The characteristics of that are the shell gaps at magic numbers, explained by Mayer and Jensen. The study of Nuclear Shell structure around the drip line and validation of theoretical prediction with the data may provide important information on nucleon-nucleon interaction. This may play key role in understanding the limits of its existence. The Coulomb breakup is an exclusive tool for probing the quantum states of valence nucleon. We have investigated the ground-state properties of neutron-rich nuclei around N~20 using this method via kinematical complete measurement at GSI, Darmstadt. Very clear evidences have been observed for the breakdown and merging of long cherished magic shell gaps at N=20, 28. The nuclei around the drip-line are short lived and naturally do not exist on the earth. But surprisingly, evanescent rare isotopes imprint their existence in supernovae and other stellar explosive scenarios (rp, r-process etc.). To understand those processes and evaluation of elements, one has to create those nuclei in the laboratory to explore specific-properties. Due to their fleeting existence, indirect measurements are often only possible access to the information which are valuable inputs to the model for star evaluation process. Neutron star, remnant of supernovae is the densest matter, observed in cosmos. To understand that state of matter, some valuable properties of neutron-rich nuclei are key issues. I shall discuss our achievements related to above mentioned facts using RIB in worldwide scenario.
- Video Presentations
Location: Paramount Room
Session Introduction
Alexander Papash
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Title: Long term beam dynamics and ion kinetics in ultra-low energy storage rings
Time : 16:25-16:40
Biography:
Alexander Papash is a Research Scientist (PhD) and he is expert in Accelerator Physics. He was graduated from the Physical Department of Kiev State University (Ukraine). He has more than 30 years of research and engineering experience in design and operation of scientific and commercial accelerators worldwide, namely, at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Max-Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics (Heidelberg, Germany), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia), Kiev Institute for Nuclear Research (Ukraine), Canadian National Meson Facility TRIUMF (Vancouver) and Laboratorio Nucleare del Sud (Catania, Italy).
Abstract:
Electrostatic storage rings operate at very low energies in the keV range and have proven to be invaluable tools for atomic and molecular physics. Because of the mass independence of electric rigidity, these machines are able to store a wide range of different particles, from light ions to heavy singly charged bio-molecules, opening up unique research opportunities. However, earlier measurements have shown strong limitations on beam intensity, fast growth of beam size and decay of ion current, reduced lifetime of ion beam. The nature of these effects has not been fully understood. Also a large variety of experiments in future generation ultra-low energy storage and decelerator facilities including in-ring collision studies with a reaction microscope require a clear understanding of the physical processes involved into the operation of such rings. Nonlinear and long-term beam dynamics studies in ultra-low energy storage rings are presented on the examples of a number of existing and planned electrostatic storage ring facilities. The results from simulations were benchmarked against experimental data of beam losses in the ELISA storage ring [S.P. Møller et al., Proceed of the European Particle Accelerator Conference, Vienna, 2000, pp. 788–790)]. It was shown [1,2,3] that decay of beam intensity is mainly caused by ion losses on ring aperture due to multiple scattering on residual gas. Beam is lost on electrostatic elements and collimators due to small ring acceptance. Rate of beam losses increases at high intensities because of the intra-beam scattering effect adds to vacuum losses. Detailed investigations into ion kinetics, under consideration of effects from electron cooling and multiple scattering of the beam on a supersonic gas jet targets, were carried out and yields a consistent explanation of the physical effects in a whole class of ultra-low energy storage rings. The lifetime, equilibrium momentum spread, and equilibrium lateral spread during collisions with the target are estimated. Based on computer simulations, the conditions for stable ring operation with an extremely low-emittance beam are predicted. Finally, results from studies into the interaction of ultra-low energy ions with a gas jet target are summarized.
Shahpoor Saeidian
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Iran
Title: Few-body physics of quasi-one dimensional atomic gases
Time : 16:40-16:55
Biography:
Shahpoor Saeidian has his expertise in ultracold atomic physics. He has completed his PhD at from University of Heidelberg, Germany. He is Assistant Professor and Director of a research team focusing on Ultracold Atomic Physics at Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Iran.
Abstract:
We investigate a theoretical method to study the quantum dynamics of ultracold atomic gases inside an atomic waveguide. Ultracold atomic gases are that are maintained at temperatures below some tenths of microkelvins. At these temperatures, the thermal de Broglie wavelength of the atoms are of the order of the atomic distances, therefore the quantum mechanical properties of the system become important. Due to the excellent experimental control of their trapping as well as their interatomic interactions, ultracold atoms have a variety of applications. Of particular interest are quasi-1D gases. By employing optical dipole traps or atom chips, we can fabricate the so-called quasi-1D gas in which the atoms are frozen to occupy a few lowest quantum states of a transverse 2D confinement potential such that in these directions the characteristic lengths are of the order of the atomic de Broglie wavelength. The quantum dynamics of these systems is strongly influenced by the geometry of the confinement potential and therefore behaves very differently compared to gases in free space. As an example, in contradiction with spin-statistics in free space, the “Fermi-Bose duality” maps strongly interacting bosons to weakly interacting fermions and vice versa. These systems are expected to play an important role, for example in quantum computing, atom interferometries, and studying novel 1D many-body states. Most of the many-body properties of gases are the outcome of atom-atom scattering events. Of particular interest are scattering resonances. For quasi-1D gases, the confinement potential of the waveguide leads to the so-called confinement induced resonance (CIR). In a bosonic gas in the vicinity of CIR, the atom-atom coupling strength diverges, resulting in the phase transition of the gas to the impenetrable regime (known as the TG gas). In this regime the bosons repel each other strongly and behave like fermions. We analyze the elastic as well as inelastic multi-channel scattering of two ultracold atoms under harmonic confinement. For elastic scattering, the effects of the interatomic potential and the waveguide anisotropy on the width and position of the CIR are studied.