2^nd International Conference on Atomic and Nuclear Physics Nov 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Atomic Collision is an elementary collision occurrence between two atomic particles that are molecules, ions, atoms or electrons. This kind of collision can be of two types that are Elastic collision and Inelastic collision. 1) In Elastic collision the total energy remains the same before and after the collision, where the directions of motion of the particles are transformed and the kinetic energy is merely distributed among the particles. 2) In Inelastic collision the internal energy of the colliding particles will changes where these particles go through transitions to different energy levels and the electronic state of an atom or a molecule is changed.

Nanotechnology is control of matter on a nuclear, sub-atomic, and supramolecular scale. The most punctual, across the board portrayal of nanotechnology alluded to the specific mechanical objective of decisively controlling particles and atoms for manufacture of macroscale items, additionally now alluded to as sub-atomic nanotechnology. Nanotechnology as characterized by size is actually extremely wide, including fields of science as different as surface science, natural science, sub-atomic science, semiconductor material science, micro fabrication, sub-atomic building, and so on.

The interaction of an atom and radiation has three processes to analyze. 1) Spontaneous Emission where the classical oscillating charge will radiate spontaneously and an atom can spontaneous transit from an excited higher energy state to a state of lower energy by emitting a photon called quantum of the electromagnetic field. 2) In second state the atom can absorb a photon a beam of radiation and making a move from lower energy state to higher energy sate where the intensity of the applied field is proportional to the rate of absorption. 3) In Stimulated Emission, under the influence of an applied radiation field atoms can also emit photons.

Cold atoms are that are maintained at the temperatures close to zero Kelvin typically below the temperatures of some tenths of microkelvins (µK). The atom's quantum mechanical properties become important at these temperatures. Cold molecules offer exciting properties on which new operational principles are to be based or that may allow the researchers to study a qualitatively new behaviour of the matter for e.g., Bose-Einstein condensates structured by the electric dipole interaction. To reach such low temperature combination of several techniques are used such as atoms are usually trapped and pre-cooled using the laser cooling in a magneto-optical trap technique.

Abbreviation for the word Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In an atom the electron in an exited state emits a photon while returning to a lower state; it is a random and spontaneous emission. If photon possesses considerable energy, however it will be stimulated to emit the photon sooner. If the incoming photon that caused its emission then this photon emitted by stimulated emission looks exactly like; if they are in phase as have the same frequency then two photons are coherent. By stimulated emission of photons a laser and light amplification process a laser spectrum is created and by stimulated amplification of matter waves an atom laser beam is created.

Atomic spectroscopy is the learning of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by the atoms. In the determination of elemental compositions the electromagnetic spectrum or mass spectrum is applied that can be distributed by the type of spectroscopy used or with the atomization source. The study of electromagnetic spectrum of the elements is called as Optical Atomic Spectroscopy. For analytical use the technology of atomic spectroscopy has yielded three techniques such as Atomic Absorption, Atomic Emission and Atomic Fluorescence. The transitions involve the relaxation and excitation of the outer or bonding shell electrons of metal ions and atoms and the corresponding photons have energies inside the visible regions of the spectrum and ultraviolet. A decent instance of this is the dark absorption lines in the solar spectrum.
 

Nuclear physics is the science that studies about atomic nuclei, its constituents and interactions. The research has led to applications in many fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, nuclear weapons, radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology and ion implantation in materials engineering. The most usually known application of nuclear physics is nuclear power generation. The modern nuclear physics includes nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, nuclear decay and Production of "heavy" elements using atomic number greater than five.
 

We study here how nuclear energy is extracted from reactors. The isotope of uranium with an atomic mass of 235 and of use in nuclear reactors is the mostly used common nuclear fuels. Here, nuclear energy means the energy released in nuclear fission, which means the science that deals with the study and application of chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of fission in a nuclear reactor for the production of energy.
 

The activity in which a nucleus is divided into two or more fragments,neutrons and energy are released in which a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei with the release of energy is the process of nuclear fission. For instance  the energy released from the nuclear reaction of some quantity be one kilogram of uranium is equivalent to the energy released during the combustion of about four billion kilograms of coal this results the mass changes and associated energy changes in nuclear reactions are significant. And the like-charged atomic nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus. If two nuclides of small mass number combine to form a single middle-mass nuclide, the rising of the binding energy curve at low mass numbers, tells us that energy will be released. This process is called as nuclear fusion.
 

In the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy which emits radiation including, beta particles, alpha particles, gamma rays and conversion electrons such as radiation from outer space, as well as man-made sources of radiation like cell towers, cell phones, nuclear power plants, here radiation is given off from a process and the spontaneous emission of radiation from the nucleus of an atom is called as radioactive decay. Radioactivity is the result of the decay or disintegration of unstable nuclei. Since radioactivity is the result of an atom trying to reach a more stable nuclear configuration, this process of radioactive decay can be done using three primary methods; by spontaneous fission (splitting) into two fragments, a nucleus can change one of its neutrons into a proton with the done at the same time emission of an electron (beta decay), by emitting a helium nucleus (alpha decay).
 

The main focus of nuclear medicine in physics is the diagnostic application of Nuclear Medicine which involves the administration trace amounts of compounds labelled with radioactivity (radionuclides) that are used to provide diagnostic information in many disease. In spite of the fact that radionuclides also have some therapeutic uses, with similar underlying physics principles, there were roughly 100 different diagnostic imaging procedures available useful to a wide variety of diagnostic tests according to study in 2006 and as of 2008, more than 30 million nuclear medicine imaging procedures were performed on a global basis. The ability of nuclear medicine to provide exquisitely sensitive measures of a wide range of biologic processes in the body, but are limited in their ability to provide biological information compared to medical imaging modalities such as x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computed tomography (CT) provides outstanding an atomic images. Studies states that in hospitals across the world. There are more than 20,000 nuclear medicine cameras capable of imaging gamma-ray-emitting radionuclides installed and more than 3,000PET scanners installed in the world performing on the order of 4 million procedures.
 

Atomic astrophysics is related to execution atomic physics calculations which will be used by astronomers and also uses atomic data to interpret astronomical observations. Atomic physics plays a crucial role in astrophysics and nuclear astrophysics is the research of the nuclear reactions that fuel the Sun and other stars across the Universe and also create the variety of atomic nuclei and  Understanding the underlying astrophysical processes gives us clues about origin of the Earth and its composition; the evolution of life; the evolution of stars, galaxies and the Universe itself; the origin of the elements and their abundances; By detecting and analyzing emissions from stars, the dusty remnants from exploded stars and from compact ‘dead’ stars; By carrying out theoretical calculations on nuclear behavior and its interplay with the stellar environment and also by designing laboratory experiments that explore stellar nuclear reactions in the Big Bang, in stars and in supernova explosions.

Nuclear technology is a kind of technology that associates with the reactions of atomic nuclei. Some of the nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights. Nuclear technology is not wholly used to supply electricity to the grid; it is in a wide variety of other uses such as heating, medicine and space travel.